Cheten Tash; Mahmod Jafari Dehaghi
Abstract
The Kurdish language is a chain of interconnected western Iranian dialects. In terms of phonetics, morphology, and syntax, this language has many common features with the modern Iranian languages around it, as well as Middle Iranian languages, such as Middle Persian. One of these features is irony. ...
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The Kurdish language is a chain of interconnected western Iranian dialects. In terms of phonetics, morphology, and syntax, this language has many common features with the modern Iranian languages around it, as well as Middle Iranian languages, such as Middle Persian. One of these features is irony. In the construction of irony, the behavior of the subject and the direct object is fundamentally different from the subject-object system in terms of mode and marking. According to the order of dependence, each verb has dependents that necessarily come with it based on its capacity. Subject, direct object and indirect object are dependents of the verb. In this research, based on the order of dependence, the behavior of the verb and its relationship with its dependents in the construction of irony in the Kurdish language has been investigated and compared with Middle Persian. And by examining examples from Middle Persian and Kurdish languages, an attempt has been made to analyze the problem of verb conjugation, and at the end, a special case of verb conjugation in these languages is examined. The Kurdish language is a chain of interconnected western Iranian dialects. In terms of phonetics, morphology, and syntax, this language has many common features with the modern Iranian languages around it, as well as Middle Iranian languages, such as Middle Persian. One of these features is irony. In the construction of irony, the behavior of the subject and the direct object is fundamentally different from the subject-object system in terms of mode and marking. According to the order of dependence, each verb has dependents that necessarily come with it based on its capacity. Subject, direct object and indirect object are dependents of the verb. In this research, based on the order of dependence, the behavior of the verb and its relationship with its dependents in the construction of irony in the Kurdish language has been investigated and compared with Middle Persian. And by examining examples from Middle Persian and Kurdish languages, an attempt has been made to analyze the problem of verb conjugation, and at the end, a special case of verb conjugation in these languages is examined.
Mahmoud Jaafari Dehaghi; leila varahram
Abstract
Comparative study of Indo-European poetry has been popular among Indo-Europeanists since the nineteenth century. This field, the main subject of which is the reconstruction of ancient literary texts, poetic texts, and the “Indo-European poetic language,” has been under the influence of modern literary ...
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Comparative study of Indo-European poetry has been popular among Indo-Europeanists since the nineteenth century. This field, the main subject of which is the reconstruction of ancient literary texts, poetic texts, and the “Indo-European poetic language,” has been under the influence of modern literary theory, especially formalism. According to the formalistic definition, the main characteristic of a poetic text is the “poetic diction” rather than its composition in metrical form. Moreover, the antithesis of a poetic speech is an ordinary text or idiomatic speech rather than prose. Indo-Europeanists argue that there is not a clear difference between poetry and prose in illiterate societies. However, for the early Avestan scholars, like Karl Friedrich Geldner, Avestan poetic texts are identical with Avestan metrical texts. In this paper, it is demonstrated that neither the meter nor the deviance in the ordinary speech is an appropriate criterion to distinguish poetic texts from non-poetic ones in the Younger Avesta, but the best criterion is comparing the poetic devices and the common poetic-text features in the Indo-European cognate languages.
Mahmoud Jaafari-Dehaghi; Mohammad Hossain Soleymani
Abstract
This article is concerned with a comparative review of Jahân-Nâme by Mohammad bin Najib Bakran and manuscripts of Masâlek va Mamâlek by Abu al-Hasan Sâʽid bin Ali Jurjâni written by during the middle of ninth century AH. From this review it becomes clear ...
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This article is concerned with a comparative review of Jahân-Nâme by Mohammad bin Najib Bakran and manuscripts of Masâlek va Mamâlek by Abu al-Hasan Sâʽid bin Ali Jurjâni written by during the middle of ninth century AH. From this review it becomes clear that Jorjâniʼs main source in writing his book was Jahân-Nâme and therefore Jahân-Nâme is also a good source for editing the Masâlek. However, the manuscripts of his Masâlek at our hand are by far more than the manuscripts of Jahân-Nâme, and this help us to correct some of errors occurred in editing of Jahân-Nâme.
